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We can all imagine how agonizing it must be to wait for a life-saving organ transplant donor. Now, imagine that organ printed in under an hour. It’s happening in the U.S. right now. The life of a three-month-old was saved by printing him an airway tube. A father in Marblehead, MA created a prosthetic hand for his son at a cost of $5 – $10, rather than the norm of $30,000. This isn’t science fiction; it’s 3D printing. It is quickly becoming a phenomenon in the medical field, and is growing in electronics, aerospace, defense, automotive and consumer-related industries. With the latest technologies and innovative materials, 3D printing technology has become a global revolution.
Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a process of constructing a three-dimensional solid object of virtually any shape from a digital model. Virtual blueprints from a computer-aided design or animation modeling software are “sliced” into digital cross-sections for the machine to successively lay material down in different shapes. It is known as an “additive” technique whereby layers are added one at a time eventually building out the object. It is far more efficient than current manufacturing processes; instead of attaching a different mold to the machine for every specific object, the 3D printer switches what it makes according to what the computer dictates. Using this technique the factory buyer should see a difference in the amount of waste associated with each manufactured part. No longer is it necessary to make thousands of prototypes nor devise a specific, usually expensive means of manufacturing a single new product; fabrication becomes more flexible and less financially risky.
The choice of 3D printing material is quite technical and depends on the 3D printing machine being used and the objects being produced. Plastic is the most popular 3D printing material; it is durable, nimble and produced in a wide spectrum of colors. Metals are growing in use within the 3D printing industry. According to a report on ThomasNet, metal-based additive technology (as opposed to traditional plastics-based printing) will be used increasingly for direct manufacture of finished parts and goods, as evidenced by Japanese multinational Mitsubishi’s recent announcement introducing the use of a metal 3D printed product. In the U.S., metals and metal powders, specifically steel, titanium, aluminum, copper, silver, gold, nickel and cobalt, are the strongest materials available for 3D printing, but are costly.
The use of lasers is required and printers that work with metals are expensive. Therefore, metal 3D printing is currently limited to high-end applications. Alternatively, some less expensive printers can be used to make a mould, which is then used to make metal parts.
The 3D printing and additive manufacturing market is expected to grow at lightning speed, and 2014 is expected to be a busy year of strategic business moves among machinery makers and service bureaus. ThomasNet reports that Freedonia Group is predicting that by 2017, worldwide additive manufacturing demand will reach $5 billion, or growth of 20 percent per year from now until then, and the U.S. will be accountable for 42 percent of it. Dental products such as braces, prosthesis, crowns and bridges will be a rapid market, as will toys, jewelry, fashion accessories, and numerous other consumer goods. Aerospace application will also see substantial growth and Freedonia Group singled out GE’s work toward direct manufacture of fuel nozzles via additive production. This technology can also assist initiatives in sustainable development since many of these goods can be made easily and economically from resources available to local communities.
Here at Admiral Metals, we are dedicated to staying informed and up to date on the most recent trends in technology and its effect on our industry. The rapid growth of 3D printing will soon affect the production of consumer goods we use every day. Noah Lewis, Managing Director at GE Ventures, Healthcare noted, “We believe that the barrier to what 3D printing will do is generally imposed by the limits of our imagination.” We agree.

Sources:
http://mashable.com/2013/12/03/3d-printing-brandspeak/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing
http://www.thomasnet.com/

More on 3D Printing

Google 3D Printing and you will find a host of information about the latest technology. We thought we’d share a few of our favorites here:
From Mashable
From YouTube
From Ted

Brass vs. Bronze: Choosing the Right Alloy for Your Application | Admiral Metals
Call us: 1-800-423-6472  |  Part of the Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. Family of Companies
Brass and Bronze Metal Stock
Materials Guide

Brass vs. Bronze: Choosing the Right Alloy for Your Application

Admiral Metals April 2026 10 min read Brass & Bronze

Brass and bronze are two of the most widely used copper alloys in precision manufacturing — and while they're often mentioned in the same breath, they perform very differently in the field. Choosing the right alloy for a given application isn't just about cost or availability; it's about matching the material's properties to the demands of the job.

This guide covers the key differences between brass and bronze, highlights the grades we rely on most at Admiral Metals — including C360's industry-leading machinability, C954's outstanding corrosion resistance, and the growing shift from C360 to C2745 for lead-free applications — and gives you a practical framework for making the right call.

The Fundamental Difference

Both are copper alloys, but the alloying elements define everything:

Brass stock bars
Copper–Zinc Alloy

Brass

Cu + Zn

Bright golden appearance, excellent machinability, and strong corrosion resistance in everyday environments. The go-to choice for high-volume precision machining.

Bronze stock bars
Copper–Tin Alloy

Bronze

Cu + Sn (+ Al, Ni, Si…)

Harder, stronger, and superior in harsh or submerged environments. The specialist alloy for marine, industrial, and heavy-load applications.

Zinc (brass) favors cost, machinability, and electrical conductivity. Tin, aluminum, or silicon (bronze) favors strength, wear resistance, and corrosion performance under demanding conditions.

Key Property Comparison

Property Brass Bronze
Machinability
C360: ~100% (benchmark)
Generally lower
Corrosion Resistance
Good (air & fresh water)
Excellent (marine, acids)
Hardness / Wear
Moderate
High (aluminum bronze)
Material Cost
Lower
Higher (esp. Al-bronze)
RoHS / Lead-Free C360: contains lead · C2745: fully compliant C954: compliant

Brass Grades: What You Need to Know

C360 — Free-Cutting Brass: The Machinability Benchmark

Free-Machining Brass

C360 — Alloy 360 / Free-Cutting Brass

The industry-standard for high-speed, high-volume machining
  • Machinability rated at ~100% — the universal benchmark against which all other copper alloys are measured
  • Contains ~3% lead, which acts as a built-in chip-breaker and internal lubricant during cutting operations
  • Produces short, manageable chips — critical for screw machines and high-speed CNC turning centers
  • Dramatically extends tool life and enables faster cycle times versus other copper alloys
  • Delivers excellent surface finish with minimal secondary operations required
  • Ideal for fittings, valves, fasteners, gears, and general-purpose machined components
  • Limitation: Not RoHS compliant — restricted in potable water plumbing, EU-exported products, and medical applications
Why C360 Machines So Well

The lead particles in C360 don't dissolve into the copper matrix — they remain as tiny dispersed inclusions that act as a chip-breaker and internal lubricant at the cutting edge. The result: short, manageable chips instead of the long stringy swarf that plagues other alloys, dramatically reduced tool wear, faster cycle times, and a superior surface finish right off the machine. For high-volume screw machine work or CNC turning, no other copper alloy delivers this combination of speed, finish quality, and cost efficiency.

C2745 — Lead-Free Eco Brass: The Modern Alternative

→ Grade Transition: Lead-Free Migration
C360 — Free-Cutting Brass
The traditional choice

~3% lead content · Machinability ~100% · Not RoHS or NSF 61 compliant · Restricted in potable water and EU applications

→
Recommended Upgrade C2745 — Eco Brass
The lead-free standard

<0.09% lead · Machinability ~70–80% of C360 · Fully RoHS, NSF 61 & California AB 1953 compliant · Drop-in replacement for most machined parts

Compliance Note

As regulations around lead in plumbing and potable water systems have tightened — particularly under NSF/ANSI 61, the EU's RoHS directive, and California's AB 1953 (Prop 65 "Lead-Free" standard) — the industry has been steadily migrating away from C360 for these applications. C2745 is the primary engineered replacement: it retains excellent machinability (~70–80% of C360), fits the same stock forms and tolerances, and requires no significant design changes in most cases.

Other Key Brass Grades

Naval Brass

C464

Naval Brass
  • Tin addition significantly improves seawater corrosion resistance over standard brass
  • Common in marine hardware, propeller shafts, and condenser tubes
  • Good combination of strength and formability
Cartridge Brass

C260

70/30 Cartridge Brass
  • Exceptional cold-working and deep-draw capability
  • Used for ammunition casings, radiator cores, springs, and stampings
  • Good corrosion resistance; moderate machinability

Bronze Grades: Strength Where It Counts

C954 — Aluminum Bronze: The Corrosion Resistance Leader

Aluminum Bronze

C954 — Alloy 954 / Aluminum Bronze

The premium choice for marine, chemical, and high-stress environments
  • Outstanding corrosion resistance — resists seawater, mild acids, and high-temperature oxidation
  • Aluminum content (~9–11%) forms a tenacious, self-healing oxide layer similar in principle to stainless steel
  • High tensile strength (~85 ksi) combined with excellent wear and erosion resistance
  • Preferred for pump impellers, propellers, marine shafting, valves, and chemical plant components
  • Inherently corrosion-resistant throughout its cross-section — not dependent on coatings or plating
  • Lead-free and fully compliant with environmental regulations
  • Well-suited for heavy structural and flow-exposed parts where coating integrity cannot be guaranteed
Why C954 Outperforms in Corrosive Environments

The aluminum content in C954 creates a dense, tightly adhering aluminum oxide surface layer that reforms instantly if the surface is scratched or abraded — providing robust, self-repairing protection in saltwater, mild acids, and oxidizing atmospheres. Unlike many alloys that rely on surface coatings for corrosion protection, C954 is corrosion-resistant throughout its entire cross-section. This makes it the material of choice for pump components, propeller hubs, marine shafting, and any application where coating integrity cannot be reliably maintained.

Other Key Bronze Grades

Tin Bronze

C932

SAE 660 · High-Leaded Tin Bronze
  • The workhorse bearing bronze — conformable, low friction, embeds contaminants
  • Excellent for bushings, washers, and thrust bearings under moderate loads
  • Available in oil-impregnated form for self-lubricating applications
Phosphor Bronze

C510 / C544

Phosphor Bronze
  • Phosphorus addition increases hardness and significantly improves fatigue resistance
  • Excellent for springs, electrical contacts, and fine wire mesh
  • Good corrosion resistance in both fresh and salt water
Silicon Bronze

C651 / C655

Silicon Bronze
  • Outstanding weldability — preferred for architectural and artistic fabrication
  • Good strength and corrosion resistance
  • Used in marine fasteners, bolts, and sculpture
Bearing Bronze

C863

Manganese Bronze
  • Very high strength — among the strongest of all copper alloys
  • Used for heavy-duty gears, wear plates, and structural hardware
  • Good resistance to dezincification in seawater

When to Use Each: A Practical Guide

Choose Brass When…

  • High-volume precision machining is the priority (C360 or C2745)
  • Electrical or thermal conductivity matters for the design
  • Aesthetic / decorative finish is important (warm golden color)
  • Cost is a primary constraint on the project
  • Mild corrosion environments — air, fresh water, indoor service
  • Lead-free compliance is required → specify C2745 or C464
  • Plumbing fittings, HVAC components, instrumentation
  • Locks, gears, ammunition casings, musical instruments

Choose Bronze When…

  • Marine or submerged saltwater exposure is a factor (C954, C464)
  • High wear, bearing, or bushing performance is required (C932, C954)
  • Elevated temperature or chemical plant service conditions apply
  • Heavy structural parts require high tensile strength
  • Pump impellers, propellers, shafts, valves in aggressive media
  • Springs and electrical contacts needing fatigue resistance (C510)
  • Welded assemblies and architectural or artistic work (C655)
  • Inherent corrosion resistance is needed throughout the cross-section

Quick Grade Reference

Best Machinability
C360
Free-cutting brass
Lead-Free Machining
C2745
Eco brass / RoHS
Best Corrosion Resistance
C954
Aluminum bronze
Best Bearing Performance
C932
SAE 660 tin bronze

The Bottom Line

Brass and bronze aren't interchangeable — they're complementary. Brass wins on machinability, cost, and everyday corrosion resistance, making it the default choice for precision machined parts in benign environments. Bronze wins in demanding conditions: marine exposure, heavy loads, bearing surfaces, and anywhere a coating simply can't be relied upon.

Within each family, grade selection matters just as much as alloy family. C360 remains the machining benchmark, but C2745 is becoming the responsible default for any application touching potable water or destined for regulated markets. And when corrosion or wear is the design driver, C954 aluminum bronze is in a class of its own among copper alloys.

Not sure which grade is right for your next job? Our team has been matching customers to the right material since 1950 — give us a call or request a quote online.

Ready to Order or Need a Recommendation?

Admiral Metals stocks a full range of brass and bronze alloys in rod, bar, tube, and plate — cut to your exact requirements.

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